新冠危机后比中两国的经济刺激措施 - Post-corona stimulus measures in BE & CN

导语

新冠病毒危机让全球经济陷入衰退，各国政府正在制定经济刺激计划来支持那些被迫关闭的公司，并为越来越多的失业工人提供安全保障。

The Covid-19 crisis has pushed the world economy into recession. Governments all over the world are developing stimulus plans to support companies that are forced to shut down and to provide safety nets to a growing number of unemployed workers.

5月5日，比中商会(BCECC)与法兰德斯投资与贸易局(FIT)、瓦隆州出口和外国投资促进局(AWEX)以及布鲁塞尔外国投资与贸易促进局组织了一次以中国作为中心的网络会议。三位中国专家讨论了中国目前的经济形势、新冠病毒的影响以及一些地区政府如何在这一困难时期帮助比利时公司，特别是帮助它们在中国的业务。

On the 5th of May the Belgian-Chinese Chamber of Commerce (BCECC) organized a webinar with the trade commissioners of Flanders Investment & Trade (FIT), Wallonia Export-Investment Agency (AWEX) and hub.brussels, all based in China. The three China experts discussed the current economic situation in China, the impact of Covid-19 and how these regional government agencies can assist Belgian companies during this difficult period, in particular with their China business.

在BCECC主席Bernard Dewit先生致辞后，AWEX的一位女士向瓦隆企业介绍了一些新冠病毒时期的援助措施。她提出发放津贴和申请特别贷款措施来支助瓦隆的中小企业。此外，许多间接措施已经实施，并为帮助企业现金流问题的解决提供担保。

After a foreword by BCECC’s president Mr. Bernard Dewit, Ms. Colognesi from AWEX introduced the Covid-19 aid measures available to Walloon businesses. She presented the allowances and special loans to support SMEs and in Wallonia. Additionally, a lot of indirect measures have been implemented and guarantees can be given to help companies in cash flow problems.

法兰德斯和布鲁塞尔也在实施类似的措施。法兰德斯投资与贸易公司(Flanders Investment & Trade)的Struyvelt先生介绍了FIT的“go beyond corona”策略。布鲁塞尔的FIT团队正在详细跟踪每个国家的进展和措施，并通过在比利时和FIT的外国办事处组织网络研讨会和虚拟会议来指导的法兰德斯的企业。

Similar policies are implemented in Flanders and Brussels. Mr. Struyvelt from Flanders Investment & Trade (FIT) introduced the ‘go beyond corona strategy’ of the Flemish export agency. The FIT team in Brussels is following the development and measures of each country in detail and can guide Flemish companies by organizing webinars and virtual meeting days in Belgium and in FIT’s foreign offices.

布鲁塞尔外国投资与贸易促进局的Debroyer先生向布鲁塞尔的企业介绍了一次性补贴、补助和公共担保。此外，还有其他措施，如临时失业、替代收入和财政措施。他建议对中国出口的企业与中国的客户保持联系，并在接下来的几个月里跟进市场和监管方面的变化。

Mr. Debroyer from hub.brussels introduced the one-off allowances, grants and public guarantees available to Brussels companies. Furthermore, other measures apply, such as temporary unemployment, replacement revenues and fiscal measures. He advised companies exporting to China to stay in touch with their stakeholders in China and followup the market and regulatory changes in the following months.

各个地区政府积极支持2020年计划在中国参展的比利时公司。虽然仍有许多旅行限制，并且更多的展会将被取消是待定的，但是FIT, AWEX和hub.brussels计划在选定的中国展览会或网上博览会上设立信息台，比利时企业即使不用去中国也有机会在比利时展台展示其产品样品，以及海报、目录和其他营销材料，参观者也可以线上或线下了解这些公司及其产品。

All regional agencies are actively supporting Belgian companies which planned to participate in exhibitions in China in 2020. Although there are still a lot of travel restrictions and more cancellations are to be expected, FIT, AWEX and hub.brussels plan to organize information booths on selected Chinese exhibitions or online fairs. Belgium companies will have the chance to showcase their product samples at the Belgium booth and also posters, catalogues and other marketing materials, although the companies will not be able to come to China. Visitors can still get to know the companies and their products, either online or offline.

在中国，迄今为止公布的财政措施约为3万亿元，占GDP的3%，这包括中央政府的政策和指示，也包括省级、市级和县级的政策。例如，豁免或减少中小企业的社会保险支付、为中小企业紧急融资、鼓励业主给予补偿、中小企业可以申请推迟缴纳3个月税收、退还失业保险金、降低电费和暂停财政性收费等。此外，中国人民银行拨款3000亿元专项贷款以支持金融机构向重点企业提供防疫优惠利率贷款。

In China, the fiscal measures announced so far are approximately 3 trillion yuan, accounting for 3% of GDP. This includes policies and directives from the Central government, but also policies implemented at provincial, municipal and city levels. Examples of these measures are the exemption and reduction of social insurance payments by Chinese SMEs, emergency financing to SMEs, the encouragement to property owners to give rent compensation, the possibility for SMEs to apply for deferring of tax payments up to 3 months, refunds of unemployment insurance payments, the lowering of electricity prices and suspended administrative charges, etc. Furthermore, the People's Bank of China has arranged a special loan of 300 billion yuan to support financial institutions in providing preferential interest rate loans to key enterprises for epidemic prevention and control.

自3月份以来，中国在提高产量方面取得了广泛成功，复工率已攀升至新冠爆发前的70%至95%。然而，国内需求的复苏似乎滞后。3月份零售额同比下降15.8%，3月份外出就餐支出下降了46.8%，汽车销量下降了18.1%。国内需求的大幅下降，一方面是由于劳动力市场迅速恶化，另一方面是由于失业率上升和可支配收入锐减。

Since March, China has broadly succeeded in raising production, with work resumption rates climbing to between 70 and 95% of pre-Covid-19 days. However, a similar recovery in domestic demand seems to be lagging. Retail sales in March fell 15.8% year on year. Spending on eating out plunged 46.8% and car sales fell by 18.1% in March. This strongly decreased domestic demand is due to the combination of a rapidly worsening labor market on the one hand, and higher unemployment rates and collapsing disposable income on the other hand.

总之，在中国病毒危机蔓延的最糟糕时期可能已经过去了，但中国经济在国内消费需求复苏方面仍将面临巨大压力，这甚至还没有考虑到外部需求骤降和通缩压力。因此，要走出这场前所未有的危机，还有很长的路要走。

To conclude, the worst period of the Covid-19 contagion might have already passed in China, but the Chinese economy will still be under great pressure with regard to the revival of domestic consumer demand. This doesn’t even take into account plummeting external demand and deflationary pressures, hence there is still a long way to go to get out of this unprecedented crisis.

（来源：BCECC比中商会）